Fighting Cyber Attacks with Sanctions: Digital Threats, Economic Responses

Abstract This article contributes to the understanding of why states resort targeted, or smart, sanctions meet threat cyber intrusions and whether this type response is a forced measure an effective tool halt, prevent punish attacking states. The tools analysis used in are legal positivism political theories, including Mancur Olson's theory groups Francesco Giumelli's analytical framework for assessment sanctions. authors address effectiveness as reaction cyber-enabled activities through lens regulation introduced United States, European Union Kingdom, which most developed counter-cyber sanction regimes, analysing publicly known cases cyber-related